Autism Resources

What is an AAC Device for Autism?

What is an AAC Device for Autism? A Comprehensive Guide Communication is

April 23, 2025

What is an AAC Device for Autism? A Comprehensive Guide

Communication is a fundamental human need. For individuals with autism who experience communication challenges, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices can open doors to expression, connection, and independence. This comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about AAC devices for autism—from what they are and how they work to their benefits and implementation strategies.

Table of Contents

Understanding Autism and Communication Challenges

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects approximately 1 in 36 children in the United States, according to the latest CDC data. Among the most significant challenges faced by many individuals with autism are difficulties with communication and social interaction.

These communication challenges vary widely across the spectrum and may include:

Delayed speech development or complete absence of speech
Difficulty initiating or sustaining conversations
Challenges with nonverbal communication cues
Literal interpretation of language
Echolalia (repeating words or phrases)
Trouble expressing needs and wants

Research indicates that up to 40% of children with autism may be minimally verbal or nonverbal, highlighting the critical need for alternative communication methods.

What Are AAC Devices?

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) refers to all forms of communication other than oral speech that are used to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas. AAC devices are tools specifically designed to assist people who have difficulties with verbal communication.

Types of AAC Systems

AAC systems generally fall into two main categories:

1. Unaided AAC Systems These don’t require any external equipment and include:

Manual signs (sign language)
Gestures
Facial expressions
Body language

2. Aided AAC Systems These require external tools or devices and include:

Low-Tech Options:

Communication boards
Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS)
Communication books
Visual schedules

High-Tech Options:

Speech-generating devices (SGDs)
Tablet-based communication apps
Dedicated communication devices
Eye-gaze tracking systems
Computer-based communication software

For individuals with autism, the right AAC solution depends on their specific needs, abilities, and preferences.

How AAC Devices Work for Autism

AAC devices designed for autism typically utilize visual supports—a strategy backed by substantial research. According to the National Autism Center, visual supports are considered an “established intervention” for autism based on numerous studies demonstrating their effectiveness.

Modern AAC devices for autism work through several key mechanisms:

Symbol-Based Communication

Many AAC systems use symbols, pictures, or icons that represent words, phrases, or concepts. Users select these visual elements to communicate, which can then be:

Displayed to communication partners
Converted to speech through speech-generating technology
Combined to form more complex messages

Visual Scene Displays

Some AAC systems use photographs of meaningful contexts (like the classroom or playground) with embedded hotspots that, when selected, produce related vocabulary or messages.

Text-to-Speech Technology

For individuals with autism who can read and write, text-to-speech capabilities allow them to type messages that are then converted to spoken language.

Vocabulary Organization

AAC systems organize vocabulary in different ways:

Core vocabulary: Frequently used words across contexts (e.g., want, go, help)
Fringe vocabulary: Context-specific words (e.g., dinosaur, pizza)
Visual scene displays: Organization based on contexts or situations

Access Methods

AAC devices offer multiple ways for users to make selections:

Direct touch/selection
Scanning (items are highlighted sequentially, and the user signals when the desired item appears)
Eye gaze technology
Head tracking
Switch access

Benefits of AAC Devices for Individuals with Autism

Research consistently shows that AAC not only supports communication but offers wide-ranging benefits for individuals with autism:

Enhanced Communication Abilities

Studies have demonstrated that AAC use can lead to improved:

Expression of needs and wants
Participation in conversations
Question-asking abilities
Commenting and social interaction

A 2018 meta-analysis published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders found that AAC interventions led to significant improvements in communication skills for children with autism.

Reduced Challenging Behaviors

Research indicates a strong correlation between communication difficulties and challenging behaviors. When individuals gain tools to express themselves effectively, behaviors that previously served communicative functions often decrease.

A study in the American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities found that AAC implementation was associated with a 78% reduction in challenging behaviors among participants with developmental disabilities.

Language Development Support

Contrary to earlier concerns, research now clearly shows that AAC use does not hinder speech development. In fact, AAC can actually support speech development by:

Reducing communication pressure
Providing visual language models
Supporting language understanding
Creating more opportunities for communication

A longitudinal study published in Augmentative and Alternative Communication found that 89% of AAC users showed improvements in speech production following AAC intervention.

Academic and Social Participation

AAC enables individuals with autism to:

Participate more fully in classroom activities
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding
Engage in social interactions with peers
Express thoughts and opinions

Increased Independence and Self-Determination

By providing reliable communication methods, AAC devices empower individuals with autism to:

Make choices
Advocate for themselves
Express preferences
Participate in decision-making

Types of AAC Devices Commonly Used for Autism

Dedicated AAC Devices

These are electronic devices created specifically for communication purposes. Examples include:

Tobii Dynavox devices: Comprehensive communication systems with options ranging from touch-access to eye-gaze control
Prentke Romich Company (PRC) devices: Specialized communication devices with language systems designed for different cognitive and linguistic abilities
Jabbla devices: Communication solutions with varying levels of complexity

Mobile Device Apps

With the rise of tablets and smartphones, many powerful AAC solutions are now available as apps:

Proloquo2Go: A comprehensive symbol-supported communication app
TouchChat: Customizable AAC app with various page sets
LAMP Words for Life: Based on the Language Acquisition through Motor Planning approach
Snap Core First: Focuses on core vocabulary and systematic language development
CoughDrop: Cloud-based AAC system allowing for collaboration between team members

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

PECS is a low-tech AAC system that teaches individuals to exchange picture cards for desired items or activities. Research indicates that PECS implementation can lead to increased communication initiations and even speech development in some children with autism.

Visual Support Systems

These include communication boards, visual schedules, and choice boards that use pictures, photographs, or symbols to support communication.

How to Choose the Right AAC Device for Autism

Selecting appropriate AAC technology requires careful consideration of multiple factors:

Individual Assessment

A comprehensive assessment by a speech-language pathologist with AAC expertise should evaluate:

Motor skills and physical abilities
Visual and perceptual skills
Cognitive abilities
Current communication methods
Communication environments and partners
Specific communication needs

Feature Considerations

Important features to evaluate include:

1. Vocabulary System

Size and organization of vocabulary
Balance of core and fringe vocabulary
Ability to grow with the user
Cultural and personal relevance

2. Customization Options

Adding personalized vocabulary
Modifying layouts and displays
Adjusting voice options
Incorporating special interests

3. Portability and Durability

Size and weight
Battery life
Durability
Weather/water resistance

4. Support and Training

Available technical support
Training resources for users and communication partners
Community support

5. Funding Considerations

Insurance coverage
School district resources
Grant opportunities
Cost of updates and maintenance

The Importance of a Trial Period

Most experts recommend trialing several different AAC options before making a final decision. During trials, observe:

Ease of use
User engagement
Communication success
Durability in everyday environments
Support needs

Implementing AAC for Autism: Best Practices

Successful AAC implementation extends beyond simply providing a device. Research-backed best practices include:

Team Approach

Effective AAC implementation requires collaboration among:

The individual with autism
Family members
Speech-language pathologists
Educators
Occupational therapists
Behavior specialists

Modeling AAC Use

Also known as “aided language stimulation” or “partner-augmented input,” modeling involves communication partners using the AAC system while speaking. Research shows that consistent modeling is one of the most effective ways to teach AAC use.

A 2014 study in the Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities found that children whose communication partners regularly modeled AAC demonstrated significantly faster acquisition of communication skills.

Consistent Opportunities

Providing frequent, meaningful opportunities to use AAC across environments is crucial. The device should be available at all times, not just during therapy or structured activities.

Teaching Operational Skills

Users need explicit instruction on how to:

Navigate the device
Access vocabulary
Combine symbols for more complex messages
Use different functions of the system

Teaching Communication Functions

Beyond operation, individuals need support to learn how to use AAC for various purposes:

Requesting
Commenting
Asking questions
Rejecting
Social greetings
Sharing information

Creating Communication-Rich Environments

Environments should be structured to:

Encourage communication
Provide reasons to communicate
Honor all communication attempts
Respond to AAC communication as you would to speech

Persistence and Presumed Competence

Successful implementation requires:

Believing in the individual’s ability to communicate
Providing consistent access and opportunities
Continuing despite initial challenges
Celebrating communication successes

Overcoming Common Challenges with AAC Implementation

Resistance from Communication Partners

Some family members or professionals may resist AAC implementation due to concerns that it will:

Inhibit speech development
Be too difficult to learn
Stigmatize the individual

Solution: Provide education about research showing AAC’s positive effects on speech and language development. Share success stories and connect with families who have successfully implemented AAC.

Technical Difficulties

AAC devices may experience:

Battery issues
Software glitches
Physical damage

Solution: Ensure backup communication methods are available, maintain regular backups of vocabulary, and have a clear technical support plan.

Consistency Across Environments

AAC implementation may vary between home, school, and community settings.

Solution: Create a communication passport detailing how the individual uses AAC, establish regular team meetings, and use shared documentation systems to track progress and challenges.

Keeping Up with Changing Needs

As individuals develop, their communication needs evolve.

Solution: Schedule regular reassessments, maintain flexible systems that can grow with the user, and ensure ongoing training for all team members.

The Future of AAC Technology for Autism

The field of AAC is rapidly evolving, with exciting developments on the horizon:

Artificial Intelligence Integration

AI advancements are enhancing AAC through:

Predictive text specific to user patterns
Adaptive vocabulary suggestions
Learning from user communication patterns
Context-aware vocabulary suggestions

Improved Access Methods

Emerging technologies include:

More precise eye-tracking
Brain-computer interfaces
Improved voice recognition for those with some speech
Gesture recognition systems

Seamless Integration with Daily Life

Future AAC may feature:

Integration with smart home technology
Social media accessibility
Environmental control functions
Learning platforms connections

Personalized Learning Systems

AAC devices are beginning to incorporate:

Built-in data collection
Progress monitoring
Personalized learning algorithms
Adaptive teaching strategies

Conclusion

AAC devices represent a powerful tool for individuals with autism who face communication challenges. Far from being a last resort, they offer pathways to expression, connection, and participation for people across the autism spectrum.

By understanding the options available, following best practices for implementation, and staying informed about emerging technologies, families and professionals can help individuals with autism find their voice—whether that voice comes through speech, pictures, text, or a combination of methods.

The most successful AAC implementations recognize that the goal isn’t simply to facilitate basic needs and wants, but to enable individuals with autism to express their thoughts, build relationships, and participate fully in their communities. With the right support and technology, meaningful communication is possible for everyone.